another atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Ireland
PLEASE NOTE, OIE ET AL, made it official, countries DO NOT have to report atypical BSE cases,
even though atypical BSE has proven to be transmissible by oral routes to cattle,
even though atypical L-type BSE has shown to be more virulent,
even though atypical BSE has been linked to sporadic CJD by transmission studies in laboratory.
this will make reporting come in question, with no official reports.
this does not make sense to me, a terrible situation the OIE put everyone in, and will set the attempted eradication of BSE TSE Prion aka mad cow disease back decades, imo...terry
I will post about this at the bottom. So, by OIE et Al making this foolish decision making it official of no reporting of atypical BSE, we must rely on Media reporting. Thank you Media…terry
South Korea: Quarantine suspended due to outbreak of atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Ireland
Frozen Bone-In Beef Meat Ireland Trade Policies South Korea
Published Sep 23, 2024
Tridge summary
The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of South Korea has suspended the import quarantine of Irish beef due to a confirmed case of atypical Bovine Spongi-form Encephalopathy (BSE) in a 15-year-old cow in Ireland. The suspension is in accordance with the 'Irish Beef Import Sanitary Conditions' and follows standard protocols for investigating BSE outbreaks. The South Korean ministry is waiting for more information from Ireland before deciding on the possibility of lifting the suspension. It is important to note that atypical BSE is rare and occurs naturally in cattle over eight years old, without any reported cases of human infection.
Disclaimer: The above summary was generated by Tridge's proprietary AI model for informational purposes. Original content
The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (Minister Song Mei-ryeong, hereinafter referred to as the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs) announced that it has confirmed the occurrence of atypical bovine spongi-form encephalopathy (BSE) in Ireland and will suspend import quarantine of Irish beef as of September 23 (Tuesday) in accordance with the “Irish Beef Import Sanitary Conditions.” * Unlike typical BSE, which occurs through the consumption of contaminated feed, atypical BSE occurs very rarely naturally in cattle aged 8 years or older, and there have been no cases of human infection. On September 19 (local time), the Irish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs announced that it had confirmed the occurrence of atypical bovine spongi-form encephalopathy (BSE) in an elderly (15-year-old) cow that died on a farm as a result of testing according to Ireland’s regular BSE surveillance program, and that the cow was disposed of and not supplied to the ... Source: Mafra What to read next News Key Trends and Strategic Outlook from the IBO Report 2024: Cross-Border Pricing MXfruit · Oct 3, 2024
https://www.tridge.com/news/quarantine-suspended-due-to-outbreak-of-atyp-pfazgm
Declan O’Brien on 03 Oct 2024
Atypical BSE case knocks China beef exports once more
This is the third time in four years that Ireland has been excluded from the Chinese beef market because of problems with BSE.
Irish beef is effectively locked out of the Chinese and South Korean markets following the discovery of atypical BSE in a bovine animal.
This is the third time in four years that Ireland has been excluded from the Chinese beef market because of BSE cases.
The Department of Agriculture has confirmed that tests carried out at its Central Veterinary Research Laboratory confirmed a case of atypical BSE on the evening of 19 September 2024.
The animal in question was a 15-year-old cow that was imported in 2012 as a three-year-old animal. The animal was identified during the Department’s on-going systematic surveillance of fallen animals at knackeries.
'No public risk'
“The animal did not enter the food or feed chain and there are no public health risks associated with this occurrence,” a Department statement noted. “Atypical BSE is a rare spontaneous event that may occur in any bovine population. It is not related to feed contamination.”
The case will have an immediate impact on some markets that Ireland exports to.
The Department of Agriculture confirmed: “The identification of this atypical BSE case does not impact on trade generally. However, agreements with some trading partners require notification of such cases, and the relevant competent authorities have been informed.
“Agreements with China, Japan and Korea require official notification of such cases to issue to their competent authorities. The Department notified their competent authorities on 20 September 2024.
“China has requested the voluntary suspension of trade as per the agreed protocols, pending their evaluation of the case.
“Korea have suspended trade as per the agreed protocols, pending their evaluation of the case.”
The Department added: “The resumption of trade is a matter for the importing country.”
Disrupted
Ireland’s beef exports to China this year, up to the end of July, were worth close €8m, with almost 1,450t shipped to the country.
However, beef exports to China in recent years have been severely disrupted due to two previous periods of exclusion as a result of BSE.
Irish beef initially gained access to the Chinese market in April 2018 and was suspended in May 2020.
The market subsequently reopened for Irish beef exports in January 2023, before being temporarily suspended again in November 2023. The market reopened to Irish beef again in January 2024.
Industry insiders believe that this latest exclusion should be short-lived and could be sorted in a number of weeks rather than months.
The South Korean market only opened for Irish beef in May this year. The country with a population of 52 million is viewed as a sizeable potential market, as annual beef consumption is 15kg per person.
This story was updated on 3 October 2024 to include Department of Agriculture statement.
Title: Atypical BSE case knocks China beef exports once more
This is the third time in four years that Ireland has been excluded from the Chinese beef market because of problems with BSE.
Beef exports to China and Korea suspended after ‘atypical BSE’ case
Irish beef exports to China only resumed in January this year after it was closed in November 2023 after an ‘atypical BSE’ case, with just over 2,600t of beef export from Ireland to China last year.
Irish beef exports to China only resumed in January this year after it was closed in November 2023 after an ‘atypical BSE’ case, with just over 2,600t of beef export from Ireland to China last year.
Margaret Donnelly
Today at 05:29
Beef exports to China and Korea have been suspended after the Department of Agriculture confirmed a a case of ‘atypical BSE’ in September.
It comes just weeks after the Department of Agriculture and Bord Bia led a trade mission to China and Korea to promote Irish beef and dairy. Irish beef exports to China only resumed in January this year after it was closed in November 2023 after an ‘atypical BSE’ case, with just over 2,600t of beef export from Ireland to China last year.
In a statement, the Department confirmed that tests carried out at its Central Veterinary Research Laboratory confirmed a case of “atypical BSE” on the evening of 19 September 2024.
The animal in question was a 15-year-old cow. The animal was imported in 2012 as a three year old, it said and was identified during the Department’s on-going systematic surveillance of ‘fallen’ animals at ‘knackeries’.
The animal did not enter the food or feed chain and there are no public health risks associated with this occurrence.
Atypical BSE is a rare spontaneous event that may occur in any bovine population. It is not related to feed contamination, the Department said.
https://www.independent.ie/farming/news/beef-exports-to-china-and-korea-suspended-after-atypical-bse-case/a1329443831.html
Beef to China and Korea stopped after atypical BSE case
Charles O Charles O'Donnell October 3, 2024 6:41 pm
Beef to China and Korea stopped after atypical BSE case Shipments of beef products to China and South Korea from Ireland have been temporarily stopped after an atypical case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was discovered in a cow here, Agriland understands.
According to sources, a fallen animal was tested in mid-September, and on foot of those results authorities in China and South Korea were informed and exports of beef halted, in line with the agreements in place with both countries.
Coincidentally at the time, a delegation of veterinary officials from the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine were travelling to China at the time, and used that opportunity to reassure authorities there of Ireland’s control measures for BSE.
The original purpose of that visit was to progress the opening of the Chinese market to other beef product types. Ireland secured access for the export of frozen boneless beef to China in April 2018.
Atypical BSE occurs sporadically in all cattle populations at a very low rate and is not considered a public health risk, unlike classical BSE, or mad-cow disease, which arises from contaminated animal feed.
This is the third time that Irish beef exports to China have been stopped due to a case of atypical BSE.
Most recently, exports of beef products to China were halted between November 2023 and January 2024 for this reason.
Prior to that, exports to China were also halted for a particularly extended period of time, from May 2020 to January 2023, almost three years.
In 2019 – the only full year in which Ireland had uninterrupted access to the Chines market for frozen boneless beef – Irish processors sent around €40 million worth of exports to the Asian country.
Market access for Irish beef to South Korea, meanwhile, was only secured in May this year, and only one month ago Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine Charlie McConalogue, and Bord Bia, took part in a series of events during a trade mission there to launch Irish beef in that market.
Stay tuned to Agriland for more on this developing story…
Title: Atypical BSE case knocks China beef exports once more
This is the third time in four years that Ireland has been excluded from the Chinese beef market because of problems with BSE.
This is the third time in four years that Ireland has been excluded from the Chinese beef market because of problems with BSE.
Ireland BSE
lot of atypical BSE popping up spontaneously? or is it feed, or is it something environmentally?
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 08, 2023
Ireland Atypical BSE confirmed November 3 2023
https://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2023/11/ireland-atypical-bse-confirmed-november.html
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 2023
Ireland Atypical BSE case, 3 progeny of case cow to be culled
https://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2023/11/ireland-atypical-bse-case-3-progeny-of.html
FRIDAY, MAY 10, 2024
Scotland Confirms a Case of typical C-BSE on a farm in Ayrshire
https://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2024/05/scotland-confirms-case-of-typical-c-bse.html
WAHIS WOAH United Kingdom Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Follow up report 2 Scotland
REPORT PREVIEW
United Kingdom - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy - Follow up report 2
GENERAL INFORMATION
REPORT INFORMATION REPORT NUMBER
Follow-up report 2 REPORT ID
FUR_167478 REPORT REFERENCE
- REPORT DATE
2024/05/24 REPORT STATUS
Validated NO EVOLUTION REPORT
- EPIDEMIOLOGY SOURCE OF EVENT OR ORIGIN OF INFECTION
Unknown or inconclusive
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL COMMENTS
Isolated, single case of classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has been confirmed in a 7½- year- old indigenous cow on a beef suckler farm. The cow close to calving, had lost condition over the last two weeks and became recumbent and aggressive prior to being found dead. It was eating and drinking during the sick period. The case was disclosed during routine national statutory surveillance and testing of fallen stock cattle aged over 48 months. The animal was not presented for slaughter and did not enter the food chain. There is no threat to food safety or human health. A full epidemiological investigation is being carried out to identify relevant risk pathways for infection and any evidence to support these. All of the cohorts and offspring of this single BSE case have been identified and placed under movement restrictions. They will be culled and screened for BSE. The detection of this single case does not change the ‘controlled risk’ status for the zone of England and Wales, the ‘controlled risk’ status for the zone of Scotland and the 'negligible risk' status for the zone of Northern Ireland. The precise location of the farm has not been entered on the report to protect the farmer's identity and well-being. Update: All cohorts are culled.
QUANTITATIVE DATA SUMMARY MEASURING UNIT
Animal
Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and Disposed of Slaughtered/ Killed for commercial use Vaccinated
Bovine (DOMESTIC)
NEW------TOTAL 206 1 1 0 0 0 DIAGNOSTIC DETAILS
CLINICAL SIGNS
YES
METHOD OF DIAGNOSTIC
Diagnostic test
Test name Laboratory Species sampled Number of outbreaks sampled First result date Latest result date Result
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) National reference laboratory for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)
Bovine 1 2024/05/03 2024/05/07 Positive
Antigen detection Western blot (Ag Western blot) National reference laboratory for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) Bovine 1 2024/05/07 2024/05/08 Positive
Antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) Eurofins Bovine 1 2024/05/01 2024/05/01 Positive
CONTROL MEASURES AT EVENT LEVEL CONTROL MEASURES AT EVENT LEVEL DOMESTIC ANIMALS WILD ANIMALS Traceability
Applied
Official destruction of animal products
Applied
Official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste
Applied
Selective killing and disposal
To be applied
PREVIOUSLY REPORTED OUTBREAKS
OB_134534 - RBSE24/00003 - AYRSHIRE
United Kingdom - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy - Immediate notification
DISEASE Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
CAUSAL AGENT Bovine spongiform encephalopathy prion, classical strain, C-type
GENOTYPE / SEROTYPE / SUBTYPE -
START DATE 2024/04/26
OUTBREAK REFERENCE
RBSE24/00003 START DATE
2024/04/26 END DATE
-
DETAILED CHARACTERISATION
-
FIRST ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
Scotland
SECOND ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
South Ayrshire
THIRD ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
South Ayrshire
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL UNIT
Farm
LOCATION
Ayrshire
Latitude, Longitude
55.46 , -4.62 (Approximate location)
OUTBREAKS IN CLUSTER
-
MEASURING UNIT
Animal
AFFECTED POPULATION DESCRIPTION
Isolated case of classical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) has been confirmed in a 7½-year-old indigenous cow in a beef suckler herd with 206 animals.
Snip…see;
https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/5667
Wednesday, May 24, 2023
***> WAHIS, WOAH, OIE, United States of America Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Immediate notification
https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/5067
https://woahoie.blogspot.com/2023/05/wahis-woah-oie-united-states-of-america.html
https://prpsc.proboards.com/thread/125/wahis-woah-oie-immediate-notification
SATURDAY, MAY 20, 2023
***> Tennessee State Veterinarian Alerts Cattle Owners to Disease Detection Mad Cow atypical L-Type BSE
https://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2023/05/tennessee-state-veterinarian-alerts.html
https://prpsc.proboards.com/thread/123/tennessee-veterinarian-alerts-cattle-confirmed
MAY 19, 2023
https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/newsroom/stakeholder-info/sa_by_date/sa-2023/bse
2 weeks before the announcement of this recent mad cow case in the USA, i submitted this to the APHIS et al;
***> APPRX. 2 weeks before the recent mad cow case was confirmed in the USA, in Tennessee, atypical L-Type BSE, I submitted this to the APHIS et al;
Document APHIS-2023-0027-0001 BSE Singeltary Comment Submission May 2, 2023
''said 'burden' cost, will be a heavy burden to bear, if we fail with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE TSE Prion disease, that is why this information collection is so critical''...
https://www.regulations.gov/comment/APHIS-2023-0027-0002
https://downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2023-0027-0002/attachment_1.pdf
SUNDAY, JULY 16, 2023
Switzerland Atypical BSE detected in a cow in the canton of St. Gallen
https://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2023/07/switzerland-atypical-bse-detected-in.html
WAHIS, WOAH, OIE, REPORT Switzerland Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Atypical L-Type
Switzerland Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Atypical L-Type
Switzerland - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy - Immediate notification
https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/4962
https://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2020/02/switzerland-oie-bovine-spongiform.html
Monday, March 20, 2023
WAHIS, WOAH, OIE, REPORT United Kingdom Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Atypical H-Type
https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/4977
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/single-case-of-atypical-bse-confirmed-on-a-farm-in-cornwall
https://woahoie.blogspot.com/2023/03/wahis-woah-oie-report-united-kingdom.html
BRAZIL BSE START DATE 2023/01/18
BRAZIL BSE CONFIRMATION DATE 2023/02/22
BRAZIL BSE END DATE 2023/03/03
https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/4918
https://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2019/06/brazil-reports-another-cases-of-mad-cow.html
SPAIN BSE START DATE 2023/01/21
SPAIN BSE CONFIRMATION DATE 2023/02/03
SPAIN BSE END DATE 2023/02/06
https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/4888
https://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2023/02/spain-bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy.html
NETHERLANDS BSE START DATE 2023/02/01
NETHERLANDS BSE CONFIRMATION DATE 2023/02/01
NETHERLANDS BSE END DATE 2023/03/13
NOW before you go off and start repeating BSE TSE Prion science that is almost 50 years old, let's be perfectly clear what science is saying today, and especially what the WAHIS/WOAH/OIE et al are saying about the atypical BSE strains...
OIE Conclusions on transmissibility of atypical BSE among cattle
Given that cattle have been successfully infected by the oral route, at least for L-BSE, it is reasonable to conclude that atypical BSE is potentially capable of being recycled in a cattle population if cattle are exposed to contaminated feed. In addition, based on reports of atypical BSE from several countries that have not had C-BSE, it appears likely that atypical BSE would arise as a spontaneous disease in any country, albeit at a very low incidence in old cattle. In the presence of livestock industry practices that would allow it to be recycled in the cattle feed chain, it is likely that some level of exposure and transmission may occur. As a result, since atypical BSE can be reasonably considered to pose a potential background level of risk for any country with cattle, the recycling of both classical and atypical strains in the cattle and broader ruminant populations should be avoided.
Annex 7 (contd) AHG on BSE risk assessment and surveillance/March 2019
34 Scientific Commission/September 2019
3. Atypical BSE
The Group discussed and endorsed with minor revisions an overview of relevant literature on the risk of atypical BSE being recycled in a cattle population and its zoonotic potential that had been prepared ahead of the meeting by one expert from the Group. This overview is provided as Appendix IV and its main conclusions are outlined below. With regard to the risk of recycling of atypical BSE, recently published research confirmed that the L-type BSE prion (a type of atypical BSE prion) may be orally transmitted to calves1 . In light of this evidence, and the likelihood that atypical BSE could arise as a spontaneous disease in any country, albeit at a very low incidence, the Group was of the opinion that it would be reasonable to conclude that atypical BSE is potentially capable of being recycled in a cattle population if cattle were to be exposed to contaminated feed. Therefore, the recycling of atypical strains in cattle and broader ruminant populations should be avoided.
The Group acknowledged the challenges in demonstrating the zoonotic transmission of atypical strains of BSE in natural exposure scenarios. Overall, the Group was of the opinion that, at this stage, it would be premature to reach a conclusion other than that atypical BSE poses a potential zoonotic risk that may be different between atypical strains.
4. Definitions of meat-and-bone meal (MBM) and greaves
snip...
REFERENCES
SNIP...END SEE FULL TEXT;
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 2024
GAO-02-183 Mad Cow Disease: Improvements in the Animal Feed Ban and Other Regulatory Areas Would Strengthen U.S. Prevention Efforts February 26, 2002
***> USA 50 State Emergency BSE Conference Call 2001 <***
Monday, November 13, 2023
Food and Drug Administration's BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) Singeltary Another Request for Update 2023
Price of TSE Prion Poker goes up substantially, all you cattle ranchers and such, better pay close attention here...terry
Transmission of the chronic wasting disease agent from elk to cattle after oronasal exposure
Justin Greenlee, Jifeng Bian, Zoe Lambert, Alexis Frese, and Eric Cassmann Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USA
Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of cattle to chronic wasting disease agent from elk.
Materials and Methods: Initial studies were conducted in bovinized mice using inoculum derived from elk with various genotypes at codon 132 (MM, LM, LL). Based upon attack rates, inoculum (10% w/v brain homogenate) from an LM132 elk was selected for transmission studies in cattle. At approximately 2 weeks of age, one wild type steer (EE211) and one steer with the E211K polymorphism (EK211) were fed 1 mL of brain homogenate in a quart of milk replacer while another 1 mL was instilled intranasally. The cattle were examined daily for clinical signs for the duration of the experiment. One steer is still under observation at 71 months post-inoculation (mpi).
Results: Inoculum derived from MM132 elk resulted in similar attack rates and incubation periods in mice expressing wild type or K211 bovine PRNP, 35% at 531 days post inoculation (dpi) and 27% at 448 dpi, respectively. Inoculum from LM132 elk had a slightly higher attack rates in mice: 45% (693 dpi) in wild type cattle PRNP and 33% (468) in K211 mice. Inoculum from LL132 elk resulted in the highest attack rate in wild type bovinized mice (53% at 625 dpi), but no K211 mice were affected at >700 days. At approximately 70 mpi, the EK211 genotype steer developed clinical signs suggestive of prion disease, depression, low head carriage, hypersalivation, and ataxia, and was necropsied. Enzyme immunoassay (IDEXX) was positive in brainstem (OD=4.00, but non-detect in retropharyngeal lymph nodes and palatine tonsil. Immunoreactivity was largely limited to the brainstem, midbrain, and cervical spinal cord with a pattern that was primarily glia-associated.
Conclusions: Cattle with the E211K polymorphism are susceptible to the CWD agent after oronasal exposure of 0.2 g of infectious material.
"Cattle with the E211K polymorphism are susceptible to the CWD agent after oronasal exposure of 0.2 g of infectious material."
=====end
Strain characterization of chronic wasting disease in bovine-PrP transgenic mice
Conclusions: Altogether, these results exhibit the diversity of CWD strains present in the panel of CWD isolates and the ability of at least some CWD isolates to infect bovine species. Cattle being one of the most important farming species, this ability represents a potential threat to both animal and human health, and consequently deserves further study.
"Altogether, these results exhibit the diversity of CWD strains present in the panel of CWD isolates and the ability of at least some CWD isolates to infect bovine species. Cattle being one of the most important farming species, this ability represents a potential threat to both animal and human health, and consequently deserves further study."
=====end
How in the hell do you make a complete recall of 27,694,240 lbs of feed that was manufactured from materials that may have been contaminated with mammalian protein, in one state, Michigan, 2006? Wonder how much was fed out?
RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: VETERINARY MEDICINE -- CLASS II ______________________________
PRODUCT
a) CO-OP 32% Sinking Catfish, Recall # V-100-6;
b) Performance Sheep Pell W/Decox/A/N, medicated,
net wt. 50 lbs, Recall # V-101-6;
c) Pro 40% Swine Conc Meal -- 50 lb, Recall # V-102-6;
d) CO-OP 32% Sinking Catfish Food Medicated,
Recall # V-103-6;
e) "Big Jim’s" BBB Deer Ration, Big Buck Blend,
Recall # V-104-6;
f) CO-OP 40% Hog Supplement Medicated Pelleted,
Tylosin 100 grams/ton, 50 lb. bag, Recall # V-105-6;
g) Pig Starter Pell II, 18% W/MCDX Medicated 282020,
Carbadox -- 0.0055%, Recall # V-106-6;
h) CO-OP STARTER-GROWER CRUMBLES, Complete
Feed for Chickens from Hatch to 20 Weeks, Medicated,
Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate, 25 and 50 Lbs,
Recall # V-107-6;
i) CO-OP LAYING PELLETS, Complete Feed for Laying
Chickens, Recall # 108-6;
j) CO-OP LAYING CRUMBLES, Recall # V-109-6;
k) CO-OP QUAIL FLIGHT CONDITIONER MEDICATED,
net wt 50 Lbs, Recall # V-110-6;
l) CO-OP QUAIL STARTER MEDICATED, Net Wt. 50 Lbs,
Recall # V-111-6;
m) CO-OP QUAIL GROWER MEDICATED, 50 Lbs,
Recall # V-112-6
CODE
Product manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/06/2006
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER
Alabama Farmers Cooperative, Inc., Decatur, AL, by telephone, fax, email and visit on June 9, 2006.
FDA initiated recall is complete.
REASON
Animal and fish feeds which were possibly contaminated with ruminant based protein not labeled as "Do not feed to ruminants".
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE
125 tons
DISTRIBUTION
AL and FL
______________________________
PRODUCT
Bulk custom dairy feds manufactured from concentrates, Recall # V-113-6
CODE
All dairy feeds produced between 2/1/05 and 6/16/06 and containing H. J. Baker recalled feed products.
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER
Vita Plus Corp., Gagetown, MI, by visit beginning on June 21, 2006.
Firm initiated recall is complete.
REASON
The feed was manufactured from materials that may have been contaminated with mammalian protein.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE
27,694,240 lbs
DISTRIBUTION
MI
______________________________
PRODUCT
Bulk custom made dairy feed, Recall # V-114-6
CODE
None
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER
Burkmann Feeds LLC, Glasgow, KY, by letter on July 14, 2006. Firm initiated recall is ongoing.
REASON
Custom made feeds contain ingredient called Pro-Lak, which may contain ruminant derived meat and bone meal.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE
???
DISTRIBUTION
KY
END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR AUGUST 2, 2006
###
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
P01-05 January 30, 2001 Print Media: 301-827-6242 Broadcast Media: 301-827-3434 Consumer Inquiries: 888-INFO-FDA
FDA ANNOUNCES TEST RESULTS FROM TEXAS FEED LOT
Today the Food and Drug Administration announced the results of tests taken on feed used at a Texas feedlot that was suspected of containing meat and bone meal from other domestic cattle -- a violation of FDA's 1997 prohibition on using ruminant material in feed for other ruminants. Results indicate that a very low level of prohibited material was found in the feed fed to cattle.
FDA has determined that each animal could have consumed, at most and in total, five-and-one-half grams - approximately a quarter ounce -- of prohibited material. These animals weigh approximately 600 pounds.
It is important to note that the prohibited material was domestic in origin (therefore not likely to contain infected material because there is no evidence of BSE in U.S. cattle), fed at a very low level, and fed only once. The potential risk of BSE to such cattle is therefore exceedingly low, even if the feed were contaminated.
According to Dr. Bernard Schwetz, FDA's Acting Principal Deputy Commissioner, "The challenge to regulators and industry is to keep this disease out of the United States. One important defense is to prohibit the use of any ruminant animal materials in feed for other ruminant animals. Combined with other steps, like U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) ban on the importation of live ruminant animals from affected countries, these steps represent a series of protections, to keep American cattle free of BSE."
Despite this negligible risk, Purina Mills, Inc., is nonetheless announcing that it is voluntarily purchasing all 1,222 of the animals held in Texas and mistakenly fed the animal feed containing the prohibited material. Therefore, meat from those animals will not enter the human food supply. FDA believes any cattle that did not consume feed containing the prohibited material are unaffected by this incident, and should be handled in the beef supply clearance process as usual.
FDA believes that Purina Mills has behaved responsibly by first reporting the human error that resulted in the misformulation of the animal feed supplement and then by working closely with State and Federal authorities.
This episode indicates that the multi-layered safeguard system put into place is essential for protecting the food supply and that continued vigilance needs to be taken, by all concerned, to ensure these rules are followed routinely.
FDA will continue working with USDA as well as State and local officials to ensure that companies and individuals comply with all laws and regulations designed to protect the U.S. food supply.
PLEASE NOTE, USDA ET AL ONLY TESTING <25k CATTLE FOR MAD COW DISEASE, woefully inadequate, yet USDA just documented a case Atypical L-Type BSE, the most virulent strain to date...
Monday, May 22, 2023
***> BSE TSE Prion MAD COW TESTING IN THE USA COMPARED TO OTHER COUNTRIES?
NOW, BE AWARE, OIE AND USDA HAVE NOW MADE ATYPICAL SCRAPIE AND ATYPICAL BSE A LEGAL TRADING COMMODITY, WITH NO REPORTING OF SAID ATYPICAL CASES, EXCEPT FOR A VOLUNTARY NOTE ON ANNUAL REPORT...i don't make this stuff up...terry
cwd scrapie pigs oral routes
***> However, at 51 months of incubation or greater, 5 animals were positive by one or more diagnostic methods. Furthermore, positive bioassay results were obtained from all inoculated groups (oral and intracranial; market weight and end of study) suggesting that swine are potential hosts for the agent of scrapie. <***
>*** Although the current U.S. feed ban is based on keeping tissues from TSE infected cattle from contaminating animal feed, swine rations in the U.S. could contain animal derived components including materials from scrapie infected sheep and goats. These results indicating the susceptibility of pigs to sheep scrapie, coupled with the limitations of the current feed ban, indicates that a revision of the feed ban may be necessary to protect swine production and potentially human health. <***
***> Results: PrPSc was not detected by EIA and IHC in any RPLNs. All tonsils and MLNs were negative by IHC, though the MLN from one pig in the oral <6 month group was positive by EIA. PrPSc was detected by QuIC in at least one of the lymphoid tissues examined in 5/6 pigs in the intracranial <6 months group, 6/7 intracranial >6 months group, 5/6 pigs in the oral <6 months group, and 4/6 oral >6 months group. Overall, the MLN was positive in 14/19 (74%) of samples examined, the RPLN in 8/18 (44%), and the tonsil in 10/25 (40%).
***> Conclusions: This study demonstrates that PrPSc accumulates in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged intracranially or orally with the CWD agent, and can be detected as early as 4 months after challenge. CWD-infected pigs rarely develop clinical disease and if they do, they do so after a long incubation period. This raises the possibility that CWD-infected pigs could shed prions into their environment long before they develop clinical disease. Furthermore, lymphoid tissues from CWD-infected pigs could present a potential source of CWD infectivity in the animal and human food chains.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that PrPSc accumulates in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged intracranially or orally with the CWD agent, and can be detected as early as 4 months after challenge. CWD-infected pigs rarely develop clinical disease and if they do, they do so after a long incubation period. This raises the possibility that CWD-infected pigs could shed prions into their environment long before they develop clinical disease. Furthermore, lymphoid tissues from CWD-infected pigs could present a potential source of CWD infectivity in the animal and human food chains.
CONFIDENTIAL
EXPERIMENTAL PORCINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY
LINE TO TAKE
3. If questions on pharmaceuticals are raised at the Press conference, the suggested line to take is as follows:-
"There are no medicinal products licensed for use on the market which make use of UK-derived porcine tissues with which any hypothetical “high risk" ‘might be associated. The results of the recent experimental work at the CSM will be carefully examined by the CSM‘s Working Group on spongiform encephalopathy at its next meeting.
DO Hagger RM 1533 MT Ext 3201
While this clearly is a cause for concern we should not jump to the conclusion that this means that pigs will necessarily be infected by bone and meat meal fed by the oral route as is the case with cattle. ...
we cannot rule out the possibility that unrecognised subclinical spongiform encephalopathy could be present in British pigs though there is no evidence for this: only with parenteral/implantable pharmaceuticals/devices is the theoretical risk to humans of sufficient concern to consider any action.
May I, at the outset, reiterate that we should avoid dissemination of papers relating to this experimental finding to prevent premature release of the information. ...
3. It is particularly important that this information is not passed outside the Department, until Ministers have decided how they wish it to be handled. ...
But it would be easier for us if pharmaceuticals/devices are not directly mentioned at all. ...
Our records show that while some use is made of porcine materials in medicinal products, the only products which would appear to be in a hypothetically ''higher risk'' area are the adrenocorticotrophic hormone for which the source material comes from outside the United Kingdom, namely America China Sweden France and Germany. The products are manufactured by Ferring and Armour. A further product, ''Zenoderm Corium implant'' manufactured by Ethicon, makes use of porcine skin - which is not considered to be a ''high risk'' tissue, but one of its uses is described in the data sheet as ''in dural replacement''. This product is sourced from the United Kingdom.....
Transmission of scrapie prions to primate after an extended silent incubation period
*** In complement to the recent demonstration that humanized mice are susceptible to scrapie, we report here the first observation of direct transmission of a natural classical scrapie isolate to a macaque after a 10-year incubation period. Neuropathologic examination revealed all of the features of a prion disease: spongiform change, neuronal loss, and accumulation of PrPres throughout the CNS.
*** This observation strengthens the questioning of the harmlessness of scrapie to humans, at a time when protective measures for human and animal health are being dismantled and reduced as c-BSE is considered controlled and being eradicated.
*** Our results underscore the importance of precautionary and protective measures and the necessity for long-term experimental transmission studies to assess the zoonotic potential of other animal prion strains.
***Transmission data also revealed that several scrapie prions propagate in HuPrP-Tg mice with efficiency comparable to that of cattle BSE. While the efficiency of transmission at primary passage was low, subsequent passages resulted in a highly virulent prion disease in both Met129 and Val129 mice.
***Transmission of the different scrapie isolates in these mice leads to the emergence of prion strain phenotypes that showed similar characteristics to those displayed by MM1 or VV2 sCJD prion.
***These results demonstrate that scrapie prions have a zoonotic potential and raise new questions about the possible link between animal and human prions.
***Moreover, sporadic disease has never been observed in breeding colonies or primate research laboratories, most notably among hundreds of animals over several decades of study at the National Institutes of Health25, and in nearly twenty older animals continuously housed in our own facility.***
Even if the prevailing view is that sporadic CJD is due to the spontaneous formation of CJD prions, it remains possible that its apparent sporadic nature may, at least in part, result from our limited capacity to identify an environmental origin.
O.05: Transmission of prions to primates after extended silent incubation periods: Implications for BSE and scrapie risk assessment in human populations
*** We recently observed the direct transmission of a natural classical scrapie isolate to macaque after a 10-year silent incubation period,
***with features similar to some reported for human cases of sporadic CJD, albeit requiring fourfold long incubation than BSE. Scrapie, as recently evoked in humanized mice (Cassard, 2014),
***is the third potentially zoonotic PD (with BSE and L-type BSE),
***thus questioning the origin of human sporadic cases.
==============
PRION 2015 CONFERENCE
PRION 2016 TOKYO
Saturday, April 23, 2016
SCRAPIE WS-01: Prion diseases in animals and zoonotic potential 2016
Prion. 10:S15-S21. 2016 ISSN: 1933-6896 1933-690X
WS-01: Prion diseases in animals and zoonotic potential
Transmission of the different scrapie isolates in these mice leads to the emergence of prion strain phenotypes that showed similar characteristics to those displayed by MM1 or VV2 sCJD prion.
These results demonstrate that scrapie prions have a zoonotic potential and raise new questions about the possible link between animal and human prions.
Tuesday, December 16, 2014
Evidence for zoonotic potential of ovine scrapie prions
Hervé Cassard,1, n1 Juan-Maria Torres,2, n1 Caroline Lacroux,1, Jean-Yves Douet,1, Sylvie L. Benestad,3, Frédéric Lantier,4, Séverine Lugan,1, Isabelle Lantier,4, Pierrette Costes,1, Naima Aron,1, Fabienne Reine,5, Laetitia Herzog,5, Juan-Carlos Espinosa,2, Vincent Beringue5, & Olivier Andréoletti1, Affiliations Contributions Corresponding author Journal name: Nature Communications
Volume: 5, Article number: 5821 DOI: doi:10.1038/ncomms6821 Received 07 August 2014 Accepted 10 November 2014 Published 16 December 2014
Abstract
Although Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is the cause of variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans, the zoonotic potential of scrapie prions remains unknown. Mice genetically engineered to overexpress the human prion protein (tgHu) have emerged as highly relevant models for gauging the capacity of prions to transmit to humans. These models can propagate human prions without any apparent transmission barrier and have been used used to confirm the zoonotic ability of BSE. Here we show that a panel of sheep scrapie prions transmit to several tgHu mice models with an efficiency comparable to that of cattle BSE.
***The serial transmission of different scrapie isolates in these mice led to the propagation of prions that are phenotypically identical to those causing sporadic CJD (sCJD) in humans.
***These results demonstrate that scrapie prions have a zoonotic potential and raise new questions about the possible link between animal and human prions.
Subject terms: Biological sciences• Medical research At a glance
why do we not want to do TSE transmission studies on chimpanzees $ 5. A positive result from a chimpanzee challenged severly would likely create alarm in some circles even if the result could not be interpreted for man. I have a view that all these agents could be transmitted provided a large enough dose by appropriate routes was given and the animals kept long enough. Until the mechanisms of the species barrier are more clearly understood it might be best to retain that hypothesis.
snip... R. BRADLEY
1: J Infect Dis 1980 Aug;142(2):205-8
Oral transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie to nonhuman primates
Gibbs CJ Jr, Amyx HL, Bacote A, Masters CL, Gajdusek DC.
Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease of humans and scrapie disease of sheep and goats were transmitted to squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) that were exposed to the infectious agents only by their nonforced consumption of known infectious tissues. The asymptomatic incubation period in the one monkey exposed to the virus of kuru was 36 months; that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was 23 and 27 months, respectively; and that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of scrapie was 25 and 32 months, respectively. Careful physical examination of the buccal cavities of all of the monkeys failed to reveal signs or oral lesions. One additional monkey similarly exposed to kuru has remained asymptomatic during the 39 months that it has been under observation.
snip...
The successful transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie by natural feeding to squirrel monkeys that we have reported provides further grounds for concern that scrapie-infected meat may occasionally give rise in humans to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID: 6997404
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6997404&dopt=Abstract
Recently the question has again been brought up as to whether scrapie is transmissible to man. This has followed reports that the disease has been transmitted to primates. One particularly lurid speculation (Gajdusek 1977) conjectures that the agents of scrapie, kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and transmissible encephalopathy of mink are varieties of a single "virus". The U.S. Department of Agriculture concluded that it could "no longer justify or permit scrapie-blood line and scrapie-exposed sheep and goats to be processed for human or animal food at slaughter or rendering plants" (ARC 84/77)" The problem is emphasised by the finding that some strains of scrapie produce lesions identical to the once which characterise the human dementias" Whether true or not. the hypothesis that these agents might be transmissible to man raises two considerations. First, the safety of laboratory personnel requires prompt attention. Second, action such as the "scorched meat" policy of USDA makes the solution of the acrapie problem urgent if the sheep industry is not to suffer grievously. snip... 76/10.12/4.6
Nature. 1972 Mar 10;236(5341):73-4.
Transmission of scrapie to the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
Gibbs CJ Jr, Gajdusek DC. Nature 236, 73 - 74 (10 March 1972); doi:10.1038/236073a0
Transmission of Scrapie to the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
C. J. GIBBS jun. & D. C. GAJDUSEK National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
SCRAPIE has been transmitted to the cynomolgus, or crab-eating, monkey (Macaca fascicularis) with an incubation period of more than 5 yr from the time of intracerebral inoculation of scrapie-infected mouse brain. The animal developed a chronic central nervous system degeneration, with ataxia, tremor and myoclonus with associated severe scrapie-like pathology of intensive astroglial hypertrophy and proliferation, neuronal vacuolation and status spongiosus of grey matter. The strain of scrapie virus used was the eighth passage in Swiss mice (NIH) of a Compton strain of scrapie obtained as ninth intracerebral passage of the agent in goat brain, from Dr R. L. Chandler (ARC, Compton, Berkshire).
Detection of classical BSE prions in asymptomatic cows after inoculation with atypical/Nor98 scrapie
* Marina Betancor, Belén Marín, Alicia Otero, Carlos Hedman, Antonio Romero, Tomás Barrio, Eloisa Sevilla, Jean-Yves Douet, Alvina Huor, Juan José Badiola, Olivier Andréoletti & Rosa Bolea * Veterinary Research volume 54, Article number: 89 (2023)
Abstract
The emergence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) prions from atypical scrapie has been recently observed upon experimental transmission to rodent and swine models. This study aimed to assess whether the inoculation of atypical scrapie could induce BSE-like disease in cattle. Four calves were intracerebrally challenged with atypical scrapie. Animals were euthanized without clinical signs of prion disease and tested negative for PrPSc accumulation by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. However, an emergence of BSE-like prion seeding activity was detected during in vitro propagation of brain samples from the inoculated animals. These findings suggest that atypical scrapie may represent a potential source of BSE infection in cattle.
Snip…
Further in vivo experiments challenging different mouse lines have been started in order to confirm the infectivity of the PMCA products obtained in this study. However, in conclusion, our findings show that the propagation of atypical scrapie in cattle leads to the emergence of BSE-like seeding activity. This is a concerning issue with far-reaching implications for public health and food safety. The possibility of interspecies transmission of prion diseases and the emergence of new prion strains highlight the critical need for continued surveillance and monitoring of these diseases in both animal and human populations. Early detection of prion diseases is crucial, and highly sensitive detection techniques such as PMCA can play an important role in this regard.
Cattle with the EK211 PRNP polymorphism are susceptible to the H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent from either E211K or wild type donors after oronasal inoculation
Justin J. Greenleea, Eric D. Cassmanna, S. Jo Moorea,b, and M. Heather West Greenleec
aVirus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA; bOak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, US; cDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, US
Aims: In 2006, a case of H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy (H-BSE) was reported in a cow with a previously unreported prion protein polymorphism (E211K). The E211K polymorphism is heritable and homologous to the E200K mutation in humans that is the most frequent PRNP mutation associated with familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Although the prevalence of the E211K polymorphism is low, cattle carrying the K211 allele develop H-type BSE with a rapid onset after experimental inoculation by the intracranial route. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the agents of H-type BSE or H-type BSE associated with the E211K polymorphism transmit to wild type cattle or cattle with the K211 allele after oronasal exposure.
Material and Methods: Wild type (EE211) or heterozygous (EK211) cattle were oronasally inoculated with the H-BSE agent from either the US 2004 case (wild type donor; n = 3) or from the US 2006 case with the E211K polymorphism (n = 4). Cattle were observed daily throughout the course of the experiment for the development of clinical signs. When signs were noted, animals were euthanized and necropsied. Cattle were confirmed positive for abnormal BSE prions by enzyme immunoassay (EIA; Idexx HerdChek BSE Ag Test), anti-PrP immunohistochemistry (IHC) on brainstem, and microscopic examination for vacuolation.
Results: Three-out-of-four (75%) calves with the EK211 genotype developed clinical signs of H-BSE including inattentiveness, loss of body condition, weakness, ataxia, and muscle fasciculations and were euthanized. Two of the positive EK211 steers received H-BSE US 2004 inoculum (Incubation Period (IP): 59.3 and 72.3 months) while the other positive steer received the E211K H-BSE inoculum (IP: 49.7 months). EIA confirmed that abundant misfolded protein (O.D. 2.57–4.0) in the brainstem, and IHC demonstrated PrPScthroughout the brain. All wild type recipient cattle and a single EK211 steer remained asymptomatic for the duration of the experiment (approximately 7 years post-inoculation) and no abnormal prion protein was detected in these cattle by EIA.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the H-type BSE agent is transmissible by the oronasal route. Cattle with the EK211 genotype are oronasally susceptible to small doses of the H-BSE agent from either EK211 or EE211 (wild type) donors. Wild-type EE211 cattle remained asymptomatic for the duration of the experiment with this small dose (0.1 g) of inoculum. These results reinforce the need for ongoing surveillance for classical and atypical BSE to minimize the risk of potentially infectious tissues entering the animal or human food chains.
Funded by: US Department of Agriculture
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 2023
EFSA TSE Report 2022 First published 28 November 2023 The European Union summary report on surveillance for the presence of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) in 2022
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
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